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Writing a novel is a complex and challenging process. One of the key elements that can make or break a novel is its structure. Proper structure helps deliver the story to the audience in a satisfying and familiar way, ensuring that the plot unfolds seamlessly and keeps readers engaged. In this article, we will explore the importance of structure in novel writing and discuss essential components such as the inciting incident, key incident, turning points, and plot points. In the world of storytelling, the first quarter of a story is crucial. It hinges upon two important and irreversible moments: the inciting event and the key event. These events have the power to shape the entire narrative and set the main character on their transformative journey.
Understanding the Inciting Incident
The inciting incident is a crucial event that ignites the story's plot and sets the protagonist on their transformative journey. It serves as a catalyst in the protagonist's ordinary life, introducing conflict they must confront. After the inciting incident ‘The door to normal is closed forever’—Stephen James, “Story Trumps Structure”
Dispelling Inciting Incident Myths
There are several misconceptions surrounding inciting incidents that need to be addressed. Firstly, the inciting incident is not always the first thing to happen in the story. It is the event that triggers the plot, regardless of its position in the narrative. Secondly, the inciting incident is not synonymous with the "hook." While they may overlap, the hook is a dramatic opening scene that catches the reader's attention, whereas the inciting incident catalyzes the plot. Lastly, the inciting incident does not necessarily raise more questions than it answers. It often provides the main character with newfound clarity or realization, setting them on a distinctive path. . It is the event that triggers the primary action and propels the plot forward. It often occurs early in the story, but it can also be preceded by some backstory or buildup.
The Inciting Incident and Key Incidents
The inciting event can be seen as the event that sets the story in motion. It is the catalyst that changes the main character's life and propels them into the plot. On the other hand, the key event is what the story is truly about. It draws the main character into the story line and serves as the glue that sticks them to the impetus of the inciting event.
To better understand these events, let's think of the story as a row of dominos. The inciting event is the first domino that, when tipped over, sets the whole line in motion. It is the moment that changes everything for the main character. The key event, on the other hand, is the moment when the character becomes fully engaged with the inciting event. It builds upon the inciting event and makes it impossible for the main character to turn away from their journey.
Placement of the Key and Inciting Incidents
There are different schools of thought regarding the placement of the inciting incident. Some believe it should always be found in the first chapter, while others argue that it should be the first major plot point at the 25% mark. However, it is important to remember that the optimal moment for the inciting incident may vary depending on the story.
Similarly, the key incident almost always takes place after the inciting incident. The earlier the inciting incident occurs, the more time there is to work in the key incident. However, if the inciting incident happens later in the story, the key incident needs to promptly follow it to maintain the narrative momentum.
Examples of Inciting and Key Incidents in Film and Literature
Let's explore some examples from renowned books and films to gain a better understanding of how the inciting and key incidents function within a story.
1. Pride & Prejudice by Jane Austen: The inciting incident occurs with the arrival of the Bingleys and Darcy in Meryton, which sets the incidents in motion. However, the key incident is when Lizzy meets and is rejected by Darcy at the Meryton assembly dance, which draws her into the plot.
2. It's a Wonderful Life directed by Frank Capra: The inciting incident takes place at the first major plot point when George's father dies, forever changing his life and setting subsequent incidents in motion. The key incident is when George decides to take his father's place as Executive Secretary of the Bailey Brothers' Building and Loan, officially engaging him in the plot.
3. Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card: The inciting incident is the invasion of the Formic aliens, which occurred before the beginning of the book. The key incident is when Ender responds to a bully, prompting Col. Graff to recruit him as a Battle School student.
4. Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World directed by Peter Weir: The inciting incident happens before the film opens, when Captain Jack Aubrey is instructed to intercept the French privateer Acheron. The key incident is when the Acheron attacks the HMS Surprise, entangling the characters in the events of the plot.
5. In "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone," the inciting incident occurs when Hagrid tells Harry that he is a wizard. This revelation clarifies the strange occurrences in Harry's life and sets him on a transformative journey. The Key Incident is Harry's journey to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry after learning he's a wizard. This marks the beginning of his entrance into the magical world and sets the stage for his adventures.
6. In "The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe," Lucy's discovery of Narnia behind the wardrobe serves as the inciting incident. It launches the plot and introduces readers to a new and exciting world. The Key Incident is the arrival of the Pevensie siblings in Narnia and their subsequent meeting with Mr. Tumnus, which deepens their involvement in the conflict between good and evil in the land of Narnia.
7. "The Hunger Games" begins with Katniss volunteering as tribute in place of her sister. This inciting incident raises the stakes and propels the story forward. The Key Incident is the start of the actual Hunger Games competition. Katniss's survival and strategies in the arena become the focal point and drive the story's tension and action.
8. "Gone Girl" revolves around Amy's disappearance, which serves as the inciting incident. This incident creates intrigue and sets the protagonist on a quest to uncover the truth. The Key Incident is the major twist regarding Amy's plan and her calculated disappearance, revealed through the diary entries. This revelation significantly alters the narrative and reader perceptions.
9. In "The Great Gatsby," Nick meeting Gatsby at his house party acts as the inciting incident. This encounter changes the trajectory of the story and introduces the central character. The Key Incident is Gatsby's invitation and Nick's eventual attendance at one of Gatsby's extravagant parties, which deepens Nick's curiosity about Gatsby and initiates his involvement in Gatsby's life and affairs.
Takeaways for Integrating the Inciting and Key Incidents
From studying the placement and use of inciting and key incidents in these examples, we can draw some important insights:
The inciting and key incidents should take place within the first quarter of the story, ideally in the beginning chapter or at the first major plot point.
The inciting incident sets the plot in motion, while the key incident pulls the main character into the narrative.
The inciting incident usually precedes the key incident, but they can sometimes overlap or occur in quick succession.
The inciting incident can take place before the story begins, but for maximum impact, the key incident should occur within the story itself.
The relationship between the inciting incident and the key incident is essential to the power of your story. Aim for a combination that is both powerful and memorable. Place them strategically within the first quarter of the story to engage your reader and immerse them in the main character's journey.
Tips for Writing a Strong Inciting Incident
When crafting your own inciting incident, consider the following tips:
Make the scene exciting and dramatic to capture readers' attention and set the stage for the transformative journey ahead.
Involve some external force or factor that disrupts the protagonist's ordinary life, adding tension and urgency to the story.
Ensure clarity in the inciting incident. It should provide the main character with a distinctive path to follow, rather than muddling the plot.
Connect the inciting incident to the protagonist's overarching goal or plan, setting them on a transformative journey that will drive the narrative forward.
By understanding the significance of the inciting incident and its role in initiating the plot, you can create a strong foundation for your novel.
The Role of Key Incidents and Turning Points
In addition to the inciting incident, key incidents and turning points play crucial roles in shaping the narrative. Key incidents are moments when the character can no longer escape involvement with the conflict introduced by the inciting incident. They draw the main character into the storyline and make the conflict personal. Turning points, on the other hand, are actions or revelations that change the direction of the story. They occur at significant intervals throughout the narrative, usually every ~12%.
Constructing an Effective Plot
A well-constructed plot includes major plot points strategically placed throughout the story. These plot points serve as major turning points, guiding the protagonist's journey and propelling the narrative forward. Examples of major plot points include the inciting incident, plot point 1 (the protagonist's choice to engage in the main conflict), the midpoint (a significant revelation or event that changes the protagonist's goal or plan), plot point 2 (a major turning point leading to the climax), and the climax itself.
By following a structured approach to plot development and incorporating these major plot points, you can create a compelling and engaging narrative that keeps readers hooked.
Conclusion
Structure is a vital component of novel writing, providing a roadmap for the narrative and ensuring a satisfying reading experience. The inciting incident serves as the catalyst for the plot, while key incidents and turning points shape the protagonist's transformative journey. By understanding the importance of these elements and incorporating them into your writing, you can create a well-structured and captivating novel that resonates with readers.
Remember, structure is not a rigid formula but a framework that allows for creativity and individual storytelling. Use these concepts as guidelines to craft your unique narrative and take readers on an unforgettable journey.
Can you identify the inciting and key incidents in your work-in-progress? Share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below.
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· Footnote Esp for Daniel Ardnt
Julia Donaldson's "The Highway Rat" in terms of story elements like the inciting incident, key incident, turning point, dark night of the soul, and the hero's character journey.
1. Inciting Incident: The inciting incident in "The Highway Rat" occurs when the titular character, the Highway Rat, starts stealing food from other animals. This sets the story in motion by establishing the main conflict: the Highway Rat's thievery and its consequences.
2. Key Incident: The key incident happens when the Highway Rat encounters a cunning duck with a plan to outsmart him. The duck's idea to give the rat continuously more "treats" which are actually inedible items (sticks, stones, etc.) serves as a turning point in the story's direction.
3. Turning Point: The turning point arises when the Highway Rat realizes he's been tricked by the clever duck. He becomes stranded in the forest, hungry and alone, having experienced a reversal of fortune from being a feared bandit to a hapless victim. This moment challenges his perspective and actions.
4. Dark Night of the Soul: The Highway Rat experiences his 'dark night of the soul' when he's alone in the forest, hungry and regretful. This moment signifies his lowest point in the story, where he reflects on his actions and the consequences of his behavior. He realizes the impact of his selfishness and understands the value of kindness and generosity.
5. Hero's Character Journey: The Highway Rat's character journey involves a transformation from a selfish, greedy bandit to a more empathetic and considerate individual. Through his experiences and the trick played on him by the duck, he learns the importance of empathy, kindness, and understanding towards others. This transformation leads him to change his ways and become a better, more compassionate rat by the end of the story.
Overall, "The Highway Rat" follows a classic story structure where the protagonist faces challenges, experiences a reversal of fortune, and undergoes personal growth. The key incidents, turning points, and moments of reflection contribute to the Highway Rat's character development throughout the narrative.
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